托福听力tpo17答案_托福听力tpo17conversat

1.What is the lecture mainly about? [Click on 2 answers.]

主题题，把握全文大意可得

A. Some changes that took place in the early years of opera总结段落内容可得

B. Differences between opera and other forms of music未提及

C. Italy’s musical influence throughout Europe原文重现

D. Reasons that early French and Italian opera did not survive未提及

2.According to the professor, what happened after the Italian language replaced Latin in Italian opera?（划线处为题眼，可帮助寻找原文定位，下同）

A. Operas became much longer.未提及

B. Operas began to express secular ideas.原文重现，注意要明白secular的意思

C. Music in opera became more complex.未提及

D. Opera was used to teach theology to the general public.答非所问，确实提到这类内容，但是是在使用Latin语为主的Opera中发生

3.Why does the professor mention ancient Greek theater?

A. To give an example of a culture that adopted opera from the Italians未提及

B. To describe the type of setting in which opera was typically performed未提及

C. To point out a precursor of opera原文重现

D. To explain how opera was introduced into French society未提及

4.What does the professor say about music in French opera?

例子目的题，注意抓重点

A. It resembled sacred church music.未提及

B. It often inspired French novelists to write great pieces of literature.过度引申

C. It revolved mainly around solo pieces.曲解原意

D. It was secondary to the rhythmic flow of language.

5.Why does the professor say this:

重听题，很简单

A. To show differences between English and Italian opera未提及

B. To give one instance in the evolution of opera原文重现

C. To discuss the popularity of opera in England at the time未提及

D. To point out that English and Italian opera companies often worked together未提及

6.What does the professor imply when he says this?

重听题，推理语言背后的潜在含义，很简单

A. He agrees with Chapman about opera and society. 根据原文意思稍加推理

B. He thinks Chapman’s approach to opera is confusing. 错误推理

C. He is concerned that Chapman’s ideas are often misunderstood. 未提及

D. He thinks Chapman’s questions are difficult to answer.未提及

NARRATOR

Listen to part of a lecture in a music history class. The professor has been discussing opera.

本篇难点一在于文本中出现大量音乐专业名词，造成理解困难；二在于文章阐述opera发展历史，相对围绕几个问题进行讨论的文本，较难划分意群。

但这类难度较大的文本，考题通常非常简单，不需要太多辨析，只需要听懂并理解文章大意即可选出答案。

同样因为不需要太多辨析，这类文章很适合使用排除法。

MALE PROFESSOR

引入

The word opera means “work.” Actually, it means “works.” It’s the plural of the word “opus” from the Latin. And in Italian it refers in general to works of art. “Opera lyrica,” or lyric opera, refers to what we think of as opera, the musical drama.

Opeara在Italy的演变：

Opera was commonplace in Italy（关键词Italy，当了解历史类文本文章发展脉络通常基于时间和地点时容易找到这个关键词） for almost a thousand years before it became commercial as a venture. And during those years several things happened primarily linguistic or thematic and both involving secularization. （第二题答案出处，注意要认识关键词汇secular，否则需要用排除法选择答案）

1 宗教目的 语言的变迁

Musical drama started in the churches. It was an educational tool. It was used primarily as a vehicle for teaching religion and was generally presented in Latin, the language of the Christian church, which had considerable influence in Italy at that time. . . But the language of everyday life was evolving in Europe, and at a certain point in the Middle Ages, it was really only merchants, aristocrats, and clergy who could deal with Latin. The, uh, the vast majority of the population used their own regional vernacular in all aspects of their lives, and so, in what is now Italy, operas quit being presented in Latin and started being presented in Italian.

2 主题的改变

And once that happened, the themes of the opera presentations also started to change, and musical drama moved from the church to the plaza right outside the church. And the themes, again, the themes changed, and opera was no longer about teaching religion as it was about satire, and about expressing the ideas of society or government without committing yourself to writing and risking imprisonment or persecution or what have you.

（第一题答案出处）

Opeara在Greek：Opera的前身

Opera, as we think of it, is, of course, a resurrected form. It is the melodious drama of ancient Greek theater. The term “melodious drama” being shortened eventually to “melodrama” because operas frequently are melodramatic, not to say unrealistic. And the group that put the first operas together that we have, today even, were... well it was a group of men that included Galileo’s father, Vincenzo. And they met in Florence, he and a group of friends of the count of Bardi, and they formed what is called the Camerata dei Bardi. And they took classical theater and reproduced it in the Renaissance time. This…um... this produced some of the operas that we have today.（第三题答案出处）

总结数世纪来的变化：起源、传播

Now, what happened in the following centuries is very simple. Opera originated in Italy but was not confined to Italy any more than Italians were. And so, as Italians migrated across Europe, they carried theater with them and opera specifically because it was an Italian form.（第一题答案出处）

What happened is that the major divide in opera that endures today took place. The French said opera ought to reflect the rhythm and cadence of dramatic literature, bearing in mind that we are talking about “the Golden Age” in French literature. And so the music was secondary, if you will, to the dramatic cadence of language? to the way the rhythm of language was used to express feeling and used to add drama? and of course as a result, instead of arias, or solos which would come to dominate Italian opera, the French relied on what the Italians called “recitativo” or “recitative” in English, the lyrics were spoken... frequently to the accompaniment of a harpsichord.（第四题答案出处，此题需要对一部分专业词汇意义有所了解）

Opeara在French：意法观点差异，教育与神话

The French said, “You really can’t talk about real people who lived, in opera.” And they relied on mythology to give them their characters and their plots. Mythology, the pastoral traditions the... the... novels of chivalry, or the epics of chivalry out of the Middle Ages. The Italians said, “No, this is a great historical tool, and what better way to educate the public about Nero or Attila, or any number of people than to put them into a play they can see and listen to.”

Opeara在England：文化传播-改变-返回意大利

The English appropriated opera after the French. Opera came late to England because all theaters, public theaters were closed, of course, during their Civil War. And it wasn’t until the restoration in 1660 that public theaters again opened and opera took off. The English made a major adjustment to opera and exported what they had done to opera back to Italy. So that you have this circle of musical influences.（第五题答案出处，重听题，比较简单）

Opeara在American：精英化

The Italians invented opera. The French adapted it. The English adopted it. The Italians took it back. It came to America late and was considered too elitist for the general public, but Broadway musicals fulfilled a similar function for a great long while.

最后一个举例说明Opera

John J. Chapman wrote about opera, quote, “If an extraterrestrial being were to appear before us and say, ‘What is your society like? What is this Earth thing all about?’ you could do worse than take that creature to an opera,” end quote. Because opera does, after all, begin with a man and a woman and an emotion.（第六题答案出处）

这篇文本比起讲座记实更像是一篇准备讲座前的讲稿；专业词汇过多导致理解困难，过多的涉及文化方面的内容要求考生具备一定的文化背景知识。

对于遇到大量生词的情况：注意同义替换，如and连接的两个生词可能意义相近，生词前后文可以推理出大致意义，生词前后文出现重复解释

平时注意积累一定的文化常识

虽然认识大量专业词汇或提前具有专业背景的有利于获得更高的成绩，但托福听力考察的重点并非在此。