2024-03-26 12:06:55 人气：130
#托福#
托福考试中的综合口语和综合写作应该是不少考生头疼的题目了，不仅考察口语写作能力，还要考察考生的听力能力。再加上不少考生想要拿到高分，会对材料中的内容进行同义替换、改写，增加了不少的答题工作量。
有不少同学会问：托福考试中的综合题到底能不能直接用材料中的原词原句呢？使用了会被打低分么？
01
能不能照抄原文？
在托福官方OG中给出了一份综合写作5分（满分）范文，其中一个片段是这样的：Another problem with the painting was the display of light and shadow.Rembandt was knonwn as a master of painting light and shadow,yet contradictionally the elements inthe work don't fit together.But this problem could also be explained by now.By removing the additional fur collar,one could see that the lady is wearing a simple light colored cloth,which reflects light into her face.
其中a master of painting light and shadow以及the elements inthe work don't fit together是来自阅读材料中的原词原句。
removing the additional fur collar和wearing a simple light colored cloth,which reflects light into her face是听力材料中的原文原句。
不仅仅是综合写作，综合口语也可以直接使用原词原句，比如：比如TPO30 TASK2的标题是：Campus Construction Should Happen During the Summer，我们在陈述阅读部分的时候可以直接使用这个句子。
如果你语言水平一般，为了稳妥起见，可以直接照抄原文。在综合题中，考验你是否能正确并且准确的转述和复述所听到和看到的信息，所以使用原文原句可以做到把话说明白、观点准确、表述不出错。
02
如何照抄原文？
但是想用原文原句一定要学会如何进行转述和复述！一味的照抄原文很有可能出现以下的现象：
Businesses should encourage their employees to attend all meetings so that employees can get the necessary instruction to complete their jobs efficiently.In addition,attending meetings can help employees build rapport with other co-workers so that workers can get along better without conflict.On the other hand,meetings,especially those longer than one hour,will hurt the productivity of workers.Therefore,meetings should be shortened in most cases to less than an hour,and employees should carry out most communicative tasks by email or phone instead of conducting this business in formal meetings.
看完这一段托福综合写作内容，考官会认为这些想法是你的观点，而产生这个错觉的原因则是因为没有使用转述词，这样的内容以及口吻语气都是不适合托福综合口语和综合写作的。
而修改后，增加了转述词的使用，整篇文章给考官传达的则是别人的想法，这才是符合综合写作的一篇文章：
The author in the reading passages argues that businesses should encourage their employees to attend all meetings so that employees can get the necessary instruction to complete their jobs efficiently.In addition,attending meetings can help employees build rapport with other co-workers,adds the author,so that workers can get along better without conflict.On the other hand,the speaker in the listening passage believes that meetings,especially those longer than one hour,will hurt the productivity of workers.Therefore,meetings should be shortened in most cases to less than an hour,asserts the speaker,and employees should carry out most communicative tasks by email or phone instead of conducting this business in formal meetings.
03
如何做好转述？
想要用好原文原句，准确表达材料中传达的观点，除了使用think，agree这些转述词以外，还有哪些表达可以丰富整体的语言呢？小编整理了以下转述词并配有例句，同学们可以在日常练习中多多使用，养成自己的语言习惯。
小编为大家整理了以下常用转述词：
Acknowledge
The speaker in the listening passage acknowledges that some natural factors may be contributing to global warming,but he believes that human activities are accelerating this warming trend.
Admit
The author in the reading passage explains that even long meetings are important for employees to attend.However,long meetings,admits the author,may cause some workers to become bored.
Analyze
The author and the speaker in the two passages analyze the effects of the Internet on civilization by explaining whether this new technology has positive or negative effects.
Argue
Even though the author explains that reading all documents in their entirety is necessary,the speaker in the listening passage argues that employees should only focus on the main and most important support points in the documents that management gives employees to read.
Concede
Human activities seem to be having a large impact on the eroding of the glacial ice in the polar regions.However,some of this climate change,concedes the author,may be due to natural factors.
Criticize
The author in the reading passage explains three theories about adult language acquisition,and in the listening passage,the professor criticizes each theory.
Dispute
Even though the author in the reading passages theorizes that dinosaurs might have become extinct due to overdosing on toxic plants,the speaker in the lecture disputes this notion claiming that there is no evidence to prove or disprove this claim.
Emphasize
The speaker emphasizes that there is no way to know what dinosaurs ate because their livers and stomachs did not fossilize.Therefore,scientists can not find out whether or not dinosaurs died because of overdosing on toxic plants.
Illustrate
In the reading passage,the author defines the concept of survival of the fittest,and in the lecture,the speaker gives an example to illustrate the concept.
Observe
In the lecture,the professor observes that most bats in captivity live almost twice as long as those living in the wild.
Speculate
Even though no evidence can prove or disprove his ideas,the professor speculates that dinosaurs might have become extinct because of a gradual warming trend which caused their testes to fail to function,thereby prohibiting them from reproducing.