雅思托福写作备考如何写好段落？考生重点关注！

雅思托福写作备考如何写好段落？段落是一篇文章的组成部分，也是一个相对独立的整体。只有写好段落，才能写好文章。很多准备雅思写作的考生会走进一个误区，误以为只要达到一定的词数，语法词汇是正确的，就算是好的段落。但其实一篇好的议论文段落就像一篇微文，在语法词汇准确的基础上，需要一致性、一致性和适当性。我们来看看这些好段落的写作标准。

首先， 好的段落需要具有一致性（unity）。这一要求是就段落的内容而言的。具有一致性的段落，每个句子都会紧紧围绕同一个中心或者主题。段落的中心或主题往往由一个中心/主题句（topic sentence）点出，这个句子一般置于段首。

请仔细阅读以下这个段落，判断这个段落是否具有一致性。

Colors create biological reactions in our bodies. These reactions, in turn, can change our behavior. In one study, prisoners were put in a pink room, and they underwent a drastic and measurable decrease in muscle strength and hostility within 2.7 seconds. In another study, athletes needing short bursts of energy were exposed to red light. Their muscle strength increased by 5.8 percent. Athletes needing more endurance for longer performance responded best when exposed to blue light. Other studies have shown that the color green is calming. Green was a sacred color to the Egyptians, representing the hope and joy of spring. It is also a sacred color to Moslems. Many mosques and religious temples throughout the world use green (the color with spiritual growth). To sum up, color influences us in many ways.

根据这个段落的第一句话，同学们可以快速判断出这个段落是围绕颜色对人类生理反应以及行为产生的影响而展开的。但是Green was a sacred color to the Egyptians, representing the hope and joy of spring. It is also a sacred color to Moslems. Many mosques and religious temples throughout the world use green (the color with spiritual growth).这几个句子却是在说颜色的寓意。所以很明显这个段落出现了不同的话题，因此这不是一个具有一致性的段落，当然也算不上好的段落。

除了内容上的一致性， 好的段落还需要具有连贯性（coherence and cohesion）。连贯关注的是段落的结构是否有条理。一个段落中的句子应该条理清晰、层次分明、衔接自然流畅。只有做到这些，读者才能跟上作者的思路，明白作者的意思。

此外，在一个段落里，即使所有的句子的意思都清楚并且按照逻辑顺序排列，但是如果缺乏句子和句子之间的恰当的过渡，整个段落的连贯性也会受到影响。

接下来，大家再来阅读这个段落，感受一下这个段落连贯性上的处理。

图片来源站酷

Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins and ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was mined twenty-three centuries ago. Another important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to industry and science. For many years, it has been used in hundreds of industrial applications. The most recent use of gold is in astronauts suits. Astronauts wear gold-plated heat shields for protection outside the spaceship. In conclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty, but also for its utility.

段落的第一句指出本段会论证金子的两个主要特点。当读者看到First of all这个连接词就会知道，此处会出现金子的第一个特点，即金子的美观。

接下来就是对于这个论点的具体展开，for example这个逻辑连接词让读者意识到这里是在运用举例论证。

紧接着作者给出Another important characteristic...，开始论证金子的第二个特点实用性，随后对其进行具体展开。

最后给出一个段落小结，进一步明确段落的中心主旨。同学们还应该注意在这个段落里，本段作者准确地运用了代词对重复出现的名词进行指代，这也有助于促进连贯性。

接下来，我们再来看看 段落的展开。段落展开的方式比较多样，可以按时间顺序，或按过程、空间顺序，也可以通过举例、对比、因果、分类等多种方式来展开段落。

同学们看看以下两个段落，判断哪个段落的展开更加有效:

1.The people who have moved in beside us are unpleasant neighbors. They barely say Hi when we are in our neighboring yards. When we invited them to a neighborhood barbecue, they said they were going to be busy. They sometimes turn loud music on late at night, and we have to close our window to shut out the noise. To top it off, they own a dog, which they let roam free in our street.

2.My mother was a harsh disciplinarian. When I did something wrong, no matter how small, she would inflict serious punishments. She had expectations that I was to live up to, and she never changed her attitude. When I did not behave as I should, I was dealt with severely. There were no exceptions as far as my mother was concerned.

第一个段落给出具体的例子，如 邻居不打招呼、拒绝野餐邀请、音乐开很大声 等，这些事例让一个 讨厌的邻居 的形象鲜明地出现在读者面前。

而第二个段落重复?嗦地在说 母亲很严格，对于的期待很高，只要我做错事就会给出惩罚 ，但是一直没有给出具体的例子， 我到底做错了什么事呢？母亲给了什么样的惩罚？ 这样一比较，就会发现第一个段落相比于第二个段落更加有效了。

以上三条标准是一个好的段落必不可少的，但是要想掌握好吸收好，还需要同学们多多练习，多多思考。只有写出好的段落，才能写出好的文章哦！